{"id":697,"date":"2025-02-25T00:17:16","date_gmt":"2025-02-25T00:17:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lonepeak.space\/?p=697"},"modified":"2025-03-26T15:32:18","modified_gmt":"2025-03-26T15:32:18","slug":"ngc-4395-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lonepeak.space\/index.php\/2025\/02\/25\/ngc-4395-2\/","title":{"rendered":"NGC 4395"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lonepeak.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/NGC4395A-scaled.webp\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1660\" data-id=\"545\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lonepeak.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/NGC4395A-scaled.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-545\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lonepeak.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/NGC4395A-scaled.webp 2560w, https:\/\/www.lonepeak.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/NGC4395A-300x194.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.lonepeak.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/NGC4395A-1024x664.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.lonepeak.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/NGC4395A-768x498.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.lonepeak.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/NGC4395A-1536x996.webp 1536w, https:\/\/www.lonepeak.space\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/NGC4395A-2048x1328.webp 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-default\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.49), 19px);font-style:normal;font-weight:500\"><strong>Wikipedia Description:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:clamp(14.642px, 0.915rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.721), 22px);\"><strong>NGC 4395<\/strong> is a nearby <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Low_surface_brightness_galaxy\">low surface brightness<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spiral_galaxy\">spiral galaxy<\/a> located about 14 million <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Light-year\">light-years<\/a> (or 4.3 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Parsec#Megaparsecs_and_gigaparsecs\">Mpc<\/a>) from <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Earth\">Earth<\/a> in the constellation <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canes_Venatici\">Canes Venatici<\/a>.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NGC_4395#cite_note-Thim_2004-1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup> The nucleus of NGC 4395 is <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Active_galactic_nucleus\">active<\/a> and the galaxy is classified as a <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seyfert_galaxy\">Seyfert<\/a> Type I known for its very low-mass <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Supermassive_black_hole\">supermassive black hole<\/a>.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NGC_4395#cite_note-Filippenko-4\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Physical_characteristics\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14.642px, 0.915rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.721), 22px);\">Physical characteristics<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:clamp(14.642px, 0.915rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.721), 22px);\">NGC 4395 has a halo that is about 8<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arcminute\">\u2032<\/a> in diameter. It has several patches of greater brightness running northwest to southeast. The one furthest southeast is the brightest. Three of the patches have their own NGC numbers: 4401, 4400, and 4399 running east to west.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NGC_4395#cite_note-NSOG-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:clamp(14.642px, 0.915rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.721), 22px);\">The galaxy is highly unusual for Seyfert galaxies, because it does not have a <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bulge_(astronomy)\">bulge<\/a> and is considered to be a <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dwarf_galaxy\">dwarf galaxy<\/a>.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NGC_4395#cite_note-Filippenko-4\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Observational_history\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14.642px, 0.915rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.721), 22px);\">Observational history<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:clamp(14.642px, 0.915rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.721), 22px);\">NGC 4395 was imaged and classified as a &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spiral_nebula\">spiral nebula<\/a>&#8221; in a 1920 paper by <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Astronomer\">astronomer<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Francis_G._Pease\">Francis G. Pease<\/a>.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NGC_4395#cite_note-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup> Now, it is known to be a galaxy distinct from the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Milky_Way\">Milky Way<\/a> (see <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Great_Debate_(astronomy)\">Great Debate<\/a>). Along with several other nearby galaxies, resolved stars in NGC 4395 were used to measure the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hubble%27s_constant\">expansion rate of the Universe<\/a> by <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Allan_Sandage\">Allan Sandage<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gustav_Andreas_Tammann\">Gustav Andreas Tammann<\/a> in their 1974 paper.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NGC_4395#cite_note-6\">[6]<\/a><\/sup> More recently, NGC 4395 was discovered to contain a very low-luminosity active galactic nucleus.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NGC_4395#cite_note-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup> Since then, its nucleus has been the subject of several academic papers and attempts to measure the mass of its central black hole.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Nucleus\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14.642px, 0.915rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.721), 22px);\">Nucleus<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:clamp(14.642px, 0.915rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.721), 22px);\">NGC 4395 is one of the least luminous and nearest Seyfert galaxies known.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NGC_4395#cite_note-Filippenko-4\">[4]<\/a><\/sup> The nucleus of NGC 4395 is notable for containing one of the smallest <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Supermassive_black_holes\">supermassive black holes<\/a> with a well-measured mass.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NGC_4395#cite_note-DEGN-8\">[8]<\/a><\/sup> The central black hole has a mass of &#8220;only&#8221; 300,000 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Solar_mass\"><var>M<\/var><sub>\u2609<\/sub><\/a>.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NGC_4395#cite_note-9\">[9]<\/a><\/sup> However, a recent study found a black hole mass of just 10,000 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Solar_mass\"><var>M<\/var><sub>\u2609<\/sub><\/a>.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NGC_4395#cite_note-10\">[10]<\/a><\/sup> The low-mass black hole in NGC 4395 would make it a so-called &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Intermediate-mass_black_hole\">intermediate-mass black hole<\/a>&#8220;.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NGC_4395#cite_note-11\">[11]<\/a><\/sup> The black hole may have a truncated disk. <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NGC_4395#cite_note-12\">[12]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.49), 19px);\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NGC_4395\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NGC_4395\">Wikipedia: NGC 4395<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:39px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.49), 19px);font-style:normal;font-weight:500\">Acquisition Details:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-regular\" style=\"font-size:clamp(14px, 0.875rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 0.49), 19px);\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\" style=\"border-top-style:none;border-top-width:0px;border-right-style:none;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-style:none;border-bottom-width:0px;border-left-width:1px\"><tbody><tr><td>Telescope<\/td><td>Takahashi TOA-130<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Optics<\/td><td>Takahashi TOA-645 Flattener<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Filter<\/td><td>None<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Camera<\/td><td>ASI2600MC Pro OSC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Integration Time<\/td><td>11.5 Hours<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Subframes<\/td><td>230 x 180 Seconds<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Date<\/td><td>February 22 and  23, 2025<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Location<\/td><td>Carlsbad, California<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Wikipedia Description: NGC 4395 is a nearby low surface brightness spiral galaxy located about 14 million light-years (or 4.3 Mpc) from Earth in the constellation Canes Venatici.[1] The nucleus of NGC 4395 is active and the galaxy is classified as a Seyfert Type I known for its very low-mass supermassive black hole.[4] Physical characteristics NGC [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":545,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-697","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lonepeak.space\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/697","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lonepeak.space\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lonepeak.space\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lonepeak.space\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lonepeak.space\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=697"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.lonepeak.space\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/697\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":713,"href":"https:\/\/www.lonepeak.space\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/697\/revisions\/713"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lonepeak.space\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/545"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lonepeak.space\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=697"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lonepeak.space\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=697"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lonepeak.space\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=697"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}